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While it is easy to miss, our world is rapidly changing, thus presenting a new landscape of risks and opportunities. The focus of this installment is to address some of the major current and pending shifts and related implications.

I. Work Habits – Commercial office buildings are facing a storm probably not seen for the past hundred years or perhaps ever. Yes, there have been recessions before and overbuilding periods which were typically dealt with by allowing time and increased demand to eventually absorb any excess supply. However, current conditions are far worse with vacancies lingering on the market for years and overall vacancy rates marching upward. The underlying trends at play are the following:

Technology – the easy access to high quality communication devices and computer support enable employees to work from home.

Worker Preference – many workers prefer to work from home as it eliminates commute time (typically two hours per day), increases flexibility (childcare and in some case pet care is eased), and home choices are broader.

Green Focus – many larger firms and some mid-sized ones feel compelled to reduce their carbon footprint forcing them out of older buildings.

Upshot – While there is little doubt that during and post Covid lockdown, employers tolerated off-site work. It is less obvious whether this will continue. The simple fact remains that supervision, training, and value affirmation is more difficult when conducted remotely. Perhaps hybrid models will remain the norm with some days in the office. The upshot of this would be a more “hotel” type of workspace with a focus on guidance and training in the office and lower space needs for most firms. Nonetheless, combine the above factors with a rise in cap rates and the result is a significant decline in the value of many commercial buildings, a trend which will continue as additional leases come up for renewal. While some regional lenders might be pressured, the low original advance rates or LTVs combined with the regular amortization provides some cover. Add in some energy efficiency and layout issues and many cases, a large portion of the stock is under pressure.

II. Vehicles – Technology and regulations have evolved to the point that electric vehicles are cost-competitive with internal combustion engines. As the industry benefits from economies of scale both in production and charging networks, the appeal of EVs is likely to grow. Furthermore, the self-driving capability is likely to further enhance appeal.

Upshot – few companies survive a major technology. For example, Conestoga wagons were the major carriage maker approximately 150 years ago, but never made the shift to self-propelled vehicles. Tesla and BYD are production leaders for now. Ford expects full-year loss of about $3 billion for Ford Model e, its division focused on electric vehicles [1].

III. Defense – the Ukraine War is forcing a re-thinking of many theories regarding modern warfare. One is that it is rapidly becoming obvious that inexpensive drones can relatively easily defeat major assets such as ships, tanks, and personnel. Recent events have proven that Ukraine, which does not posses a navy, is depriving Russia access to most if not all the Black Sea because of the damage caused by drone vessels. Similar is the case of air assets whereby relatively inexpensive missile systems are feared by Russian pilots. Lastly, air defense systems appear to be countering many of the incoming Russian missiles.

Upshot – Bigger is not necessarily better as a large naval vessel is far more vulnerable than a fleet of smaller ones. The same is proving to be the case for land-based drones